Guidance and Counseling - 1089 Words

Principles of guidance According to Crow and Crow there are 14 significant principles for guidance they are 1. Every aspect of person’s complex personality pattern constitutes a significant factor of his total displayed attitudes and form of behavior. Guidance service which are aimed at bringing about desirable adjustments in any particular area of experience must take in to account, the all round development of the individual. 2. Although all human beings are similar in many respect, individual difference must be recognized and considered in any effort aimed at providing help or guidance to a particular child. 3. The functions of the guidance is to help a person * Formulate and accept stimulating , worthwhile and†¦show more content†¦8. To assist the student in planning for educational and vocational choices. Counseling Goals The goal of counseling is to help individuals overcome their immediate problems and also to equip them to meet future problems. The counselor has the goal of understanding the behavior, motivations, and feelings of the counselee. The counselor has the goals are not limited to understanding his clients. The long range –goals are those that reflect the counselor’s philosophy of life and could be stated as: 1. To help the counselee become self-actualizing. 2. To help the counselee attain self-realization. 3. To help the counselee become a fully –functioning person. The immediate goals of counseling refer to the problems for which the client is seeking solutions here and now. The counselee could be helped to gain fuller self- understanding through self – exploration and to appreciate his strengths and weaknesses. Areas in which change is considered desirable are relations with other individuals, academic achievement, job satisfaction, etc. Some of the major goals of counseling generally accepted by the counselors are given below:- 1. Achievement of positive mental health It is identified as an important goal of counseling by some individuals who claim that when one reaches positive mental health one learns to adjust and response more positively to people and situations. Kell and Mueller (1962) hold that the â€Å"promotion and development ofShow MoreRelatedGuidance and Counseling765 Words   |  4 PagesGuidance Program The Guidance Office through the guidance counselor conducts an Orientation Program for Freshmen and transferees at the start of the semester. The Student are provided counseling services to help them out in meeting their physical, academic and emotional needs and are guided towards whole development of their personality through the integration of social and spiritual enrichment. There are available measures of academic skills and personality testing. Test in specific areas ofRead MoreGuidance and Counseling1885 Words   |  8 Pagesstudy assessed the quality of guidance and counselling services in secondary schools with practicing school counsellors in Edo state. To achieve this, the researcher examined the qualification of personnel providing guidance and counselling services, availability of materials for the successful execution of Nigerian secondary school guidance and counselling services and the impact of guidance programs on students’ adjustment. 1.3. Significance of the study Guidance and counselling is the bedrockRead MoreThe Foundations Of Counseling And Guidance Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe foundations of counseling and guidance may be traced back to the teachings of Plato and Aristotle in ancient Greece and Rome. Some argue that modern techniques also branch from Catholic priests’ practice of confidentiality within the confessional in the Middle Ages. However, The history of school counseling, as we know it, formally started at the turn of the twentieth century (Krumboltz Kolplin, n.d.). Counselors only began playing a role in special education in the late 1970’s to early 1980’sRead More Guidance (School) Counseling Essay2416 Words   |  10 PagesGuidance (School) Counseling Guidance counseling, also called school counseling, has evolved over the years into an important part of the education system. Counselors are now taking on new roles in schools as leaders so much so that the ways in which counseling is being implemented has become a much talked about topic in schools. The effectiveness of counseling in schools is looked at by the education system more frequently than it was in the past. Though all school counselors must follow aRead MoreGuidance and Counseling Program Needs11909 Words   |  48 PagesGUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROGRAM NEEDS AS PERCEIVED BY SELECTED THIRD AND FOURTH YEAR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY LABORATORY SCHOOL A Special Topic Submitted to the Faculty of the Cavite State University In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education (Major in Guidance and Counseling) RIO MAY A. DEL ROSARIO September 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe s Guidance Counselor For Counseling950 Words   |  4 PagesIndentifying Data Eman is an 8 years 6 months old African American adolescent, who was referred by his guidance counselor for counseling. Eman has a long history of poor school performance due to numerous outburst and uncontrolled rages. Despite extensive partial care treatment and accommodations from his school he has failed to succeed academically and behaviorally. His poor school attendance, attention and learning problems, and family dynamics are contributing factors. Sources of InformationRead MoreA Comprehensive Competency Based School Counseling And Guidance And Counseling Program2350 Words   |  10 PagesThis document compiles a comprehensive competency-based school counseling and guidance and counseling program for the Boys and Girls Academy, which is an elementary public educational institution in Alief Independent School District. Alief ISD is a large, diverse urban district, and the Boys and Girls Academy serves approximately 1,000 PreK through fifth grade students. Part I: Foundation †¢ Philosophy At the Boys and Girls Academy, our philosophy is to reach our students by all means necessaryRead MoreSchool Guidance Counseling Group: When Parents Divorce Essay example2671 Words   |  11 Pages(2014) highlight the first step in planning a group is to come up with a proposal. This purpose of this paper is to put forth that proposal for implementation of a divorce support group in a particular school setting. School Guidance Counseling Group: When Parents Divorce A significant portion of children in the United States are impacted by divorce. Empirical investigations verify that children of divorce are at a heightened risk for the development of psychological, social, behavioralRead MoreEFFECTS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING ON ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE IN SECONDANRY SCHOOLS IN NYAMIRA NORTH-DISTRICT NYAMIRA COUNTY.2003 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿EFFECTS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING ON ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE IN SECONDANRY SCHOOLS IN NYAMIRA NORTH-DISTRICT NYAMIRA COUNTY. MARUBE DENIS MAINA 2013/CS/27518 Chapter two LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter will focus on the review of the existing literature to the specific idea of effects of guidance and counseling on academic performance in secondary school level. The information gathered from the literature will be used to define a benchmark againstRead MoreThe Education Commission (1964-66), While Lamenting On1430 Words   |  6 Pagesinclusion of guidance and counseling including vocational placement, among student services. It stressed ‘guidance and counseling programme which would assist the students in the choice of courses, indicate the links of remedial action and help in dealing with emotional and psychological problems, should be an integral part of the educational facilities provided in institutions of higher education’. Guidance and counseling have three-fold functions: adjustment, orientation and development. Guidance and

Essay about Youth Gangs - 2091 Words

Within the past two decades, a growing concern has been focused on what can be considered a social epidemic among the youth of our nation. This social distress stems directly from the rising number of youth gangs throughout the country. Gang mentality and social deviance of this form has been noticed and documented in this country for decades. â€Å" Prior to the 1970’s, gang violence was still popularly associated with white ethnic enclaves in the cities of the Midwest and East, and gang incidents were typically brawls involving fists, sticks and knives. Today, gangs are made up largely of ethnic groups, especially African American and Latino Americans, and handguns and other military hardware are the typical vehicles for the acts of†¦show more content†¦For instance, the Columbine incident that happened a few years back on April 20, 1999 was initiated by what normal standards would be considered a very small gang, made up of local rejected youths know as the Trench Coat Mafia. And as it went, this small gang of adolescents created such an uproar by orchestrating the Columbine massacre that they got more attention by media then all the other gang happenings, no matter how large of that time period, and provided an incentive for then unaware communities to become conscious of what is happening inside them and to not write off the undertakings of possible youth deviants. Youth gangs have been getting a tremendous amount of press and media attention as the problem grows worse and worse, and because of this attention and exposure the rate of adolescents joining these gangs is constantly increasing. As of right now, gang life is in a lime light all to its own. There has been documentaries, movies, books and so on that have demoralized it as well as glamorized it, and to trouble youths who think that they have no place else to turn, gang life seems as though it can be a very acceptable and possibly through their point of view, a positive change in their some what hitched lives. Social experts chalk up the sudden increase of youth gang activity to two distinct reasons; â€Å" (1) the diffusion of gang culture through popular media, and (2) economicShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Youth Gangs821 Words   |  4 PagesA gang is a group of people who associate closely, often exclusively, for social reasons. The issue of youth gangs has received considerable m edia, political and police attention in Australia in recent years. Young people like to belong to a peer group. Those who feel left out of social groups may end up joining a gang or just associating with an antisocial group of peers. Other reasons young people join gangs can be for example; protection, identity, fellowship and intimidation. Over 40% of gangRead MoreYouth Gangs In Canada886 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Youth gangs in Canada is becoming more and more of issue. Adolescents across Canada resort to joining youth gangs for many different reasons. A youth gang is a group of young adolescents who use intimidation and violence to gain prestige among other gangs and control certain areas of unlawful activities. For all the reasons an adolescent would join a youth gang, police and the Government have come up with programs to prevent youth from joining and to get them to leave the gangs. With programsRead More Youth Gangs Essay813 Words   |  4 Pages Youth gang related crime crime has been growing for years, but little data exists about the extent and precise nature of crimes committed by gang members. Gangs have been said to have committed many crimes such as drug smuggling, murder, and theft. Although many gang members have been known to do some of these things, there is no real evidence that they are gang related. Researchers found that the median age at which youths begin to hang out with gangs is approximately 13 years oldRead MoreLife Of A Gang : Youth853 Words   |  4 PagesLife in a Gang Youth are exposed to gang life at an early age, sometimes as early as 10 or 11 years old. Observing older and respected gang members can often lead to impressions among youth that lead them to believe gang life is the way to gain access to things such as status, money and prestige. Research states that older more established gang members will utilize youth to their advantage by having them steal for the gang, buy and sell drugs, carry weapons and commit other crimes in hopes to evadeRead MoreThe Rate Of Youth Gangs Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pagesone on one and I was not exposed to gangs back home. Since I was new to the country and my English was very bad, I was vulnerable to being bullied. In fact, I was bullied. I was tired of being a victim and was so interested in joining one of the gangs for protection. Then, I realized that these gangs were involved in all sort criminal activities which discouraged me from joining one of the gangs in school. In this paper, I will first discus s the rate of youth gangs and some of their contributions toRead MoreYouth Gangs Essay639 Words   |  3 Pagesbeginning a discussion or exploration of youth gangs, the longevity of the social problem becomes a reasonable starting point. Youth joining together and roaming the streets of London together in packs were described as early as 1830 in Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist (Burnett, 1999). Before considering the current state of affairs with youth gangs, it first becomes important to focus attention on developing a concise understanding of what is meant by the term â€Å"youth gang.† Additionally, what are trendsRead MoreYouth Participation In Gangs Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesYouth participation in gangs actually decreased from 1996 to 2004, but the violence within these gangs has not. Homicides committed by youth gang members still remain as a monumental problem across the United States of America. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention r eported in its 2004 survey of youth gangs that there were an estimated 760,000 gang members that year. Many of the kids affiliated with gangs come from lower income, single parent homes; therefore, the youths of AmericaRead MoreA Formal Description For A Youth Gang1503 Words   |  7 Pagesinto groups that society often refers to as gangs. It is accurate to say that gangs contribute immensely to crime and delinquency however, to say that this is the purpose of all gangs would be misleading. Gangs should instead be seen as existing on a continuum, some ranging from groups of peers who spend time together and may get into trouble, to others who participate in more serious crimes (Gorden, 2000, p. 4). In terms of a specific definition for a gang, there really is not one that has been fullyRead MoreSummary : Youth Gang And Violence1615 Words   |  7 Pages March 27, 2016 Analytic Essay Youth Gang and Violence Delinquent Behavior â€Å"Gang† â€Å"Youth Gang† and â€Å"Street Gang† are just labels used to describe young people consisting of three or more individuals organized to achieve a typical objective and who share a common identity. There is no single and universally accepted definition of gang, gang member and gang activities in the United States, however, the Federal Definition according to NationalRead MoreChapter 7 : Youth Gangs991 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 7 Youth Gangs Gangs In General The word â€Å"gang† can be defined in many ways however; there is no â€Å"agreed-upon definition† that â€Å"has been developed to apply to gangs† (pg. 201). When I think of the word â€Å"gang† I think of a group of individuals who interact, communicate, simply â€Å"hang out† and/or participate in many activities together. There is not just one type of gang. â€Å"Gangs can be large or small, long term or short term, more or less territorial, more or less criminally involved† (pg. 201)

Picking Cotton Free Essays

When a traumatic event happens, a multitude of people are affected. In Picking Cotton: Our Memoir of Injustice and Redemption written by Jennifer Thompson- Cannino and Ronald Cotton, the story of Thompson’s rape and Cotton’s conviction is unraveled through the perspective of both authors. The emotions that both Thompson and Cotton endure in the aftermath of the rape are shown with the alternation of speaker. We will write a custom essay sample on Picking Cotton or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the change in speaker in each part of the book, the read gets to see the most significant part of the person’s life. The memoir begins with Thompson’s rape, in the perspective of her. Telling the horror of Thompsons experience strengths the reader’s sympathy towards her as pathos dominates the first section of the novel. Being inside Thompson’s mind and knowing her strength throughout the crime acts as a characterization method for Thompson. Since the novel is nonfiction, the typical characterization methods used in other novels are not possible. Knowing how Thompson thinks and feels creates traits for her which later makes her conviction of Cotton understandable. The transition to Cotton during his ime in prison enlightens the reader on Cotton’s life and also his innocence. An inside look of what a double life sentence can take from an honest man is shown as Cotton reveals his hardships during his memoir. Again pathos was used, showing the struggles and confrontation Cotton faces during his imprisonment. The theme of forgiveness results after Cotton’s perspective and thoughts are expressed and he chooses to forgive Thompson for her mistake. Having multiple speakers in the novel also has its disadvantages. By changing perspectives from Thompson to Cotton, the eader is neglected the others thoughts during a certain time. While Cotton tells of his prison time, the read does not know how Thompson is the novel during this time. When the novel changes speakers back to Thompson she is married with children. There is a missing gap of time the reader never knows about. The reader also misses out on Cottons reunion with his community and friends. During times when both Cotton and Thompson are together, only one person’s thoughts are shown, blinding the reader to how the other person feels and what they are thinking. The authors’ choice to share both of their stories in one novel had both advantages and disadvantages. While the different point of views showed how both Jennifer Thompson and Ronald Cotton were victims as a result of the crime committed by Booby Poole, the reader did not always get the full story of both speakers. Overall, the structure of the novel was strong and made a momentous impact on the reader and accomplished its goal of bringing awareness to wrongful imprisonment and also to forgiveness. Picking Cotton By alyssaduck How to cite Picking Cotton, Papers

Project On Transport System Of Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project On Transport System Of Australia? Answer: Introduction The light rail network is a project on the transport system of Australia (Mulley et al., 2016). This project is very important in context of the development of the transport system in the country (Miller et al., 2014). This would be improving the traffic system of the country to a great extent and also help minimizing the pressure in the rush hours. The project is designed by Transport Canberra as they are looking to implement a system that would be covering the entire region and help in the conveyance of the people. The light rail is a transport system that would be offering number of options for the improvement of the structure of the city of Canberra. The city is one of the busiest cities of the country and has the most complex traffic. Hence, in order to simplify the traffic of the city this kind of project is being taken into consideration. The project that is design is estimated to cover up to 13 Km approximately in and around the city. The report provides the information about the light rail network implementation within the city of Canberra. The report provides the definition of the light rail network project, the conceptual design and the cost for the implementation of the system. Needs Definition Before having any further information about the light rail it is very important to have knowledge about the definition of light rail (Brown et al., 2015). The transport that is electric rail-borne for the most part created in different stages for upgrading both the capacity and additionally speeds is known as the light-rail. The network of these electric borne rails is known as the light rail network. This system makes use of the low floored articulated trams that usually obtain the electricity from the electric wires. This provides the designer with the opportunity to implement the rails in the streets. The network can use a number of vehicles so that, there can be a two way services provided to the travelers within the city. The network would also make it very convenient and comfortable for the people of the city to travel from one place to the other. The light rail network system is implemented for the convenience of the people, but it is also made sure that the system does not hamper the peace in the environment. The system is designed in a noise free environment. The motor that is used in the system is a noise free one and helps in avoiding the noise pollution. In addition to this the system that is to be implemented runs on electricity and hence this network system also solves the issues with the air pollution issues. In addition to all these the light rail runs at an average speed of 75 kilometers per hour. Hence, the light rail provides advantages in various sectors for the city. They help in the simplifying the traffic congestion of the city as well as help in the reduction of the level of pollution within the city. In addition to this, the light rail also have considerable amount of carrying capacity that generally helps in reducing the amount of traffic that the city has to face. This network also fills the void for the need of transport that is created by the bus and the cab services in the city (Naznin, Currie Logan, 2016). In addition to this, in comparison to the bus and the cab services in the city the light rail provides the people with far more comfort in their travels. Hence, the development of the network would not only provide the city with various types of advantages but also for the people of the city and the people traveling to the city by making their journey easy and comfortable. Conceptual design Transports Canberra is looking to implement the light rail network in the city so that can ease the traffic complexities that are prevalent in the city and also gaining the various type of advantages that are provided by this project (MacKenzie et al., 2015). Canberra is identified as one of the busiest city in Australia in terms of traffic. Hence, to ease out the traffic in the city the light rail has been designed. The total population of the city is estimated to be around 55,000 and the majority of the population uses the public transports as their primary mode of transport. Because of quality of extreme substantives in surge hour it is distinguished that the surge hour is especially customary in the city. It is discovered that the result is especially in charge of creating appropriate transport substantives inside the city of Canberra .This detail helps in affirming the nearness of expansive number of laborers. Figure 1: Artist impression of a light rail system Source: (Capital Metro Agency, 2014) There is an indication about the city and the light rail network system implemented in the city, that network of the light rail is implemented on the main roads of the city, but along the ridges in the roads so that it does not hamper the normal traffic of the city. The idea is to utilize the free spaces on the roadways with the implementation of the tracks for the light rail network. The city currently helps in orchestrating extensions that are constrained for different avenues and along these lines the light rail system undertaking is observed to be reliably a testing one for suitable execution (Flannery et al., 2015). It helps in giving another option to transport office that is given on occupied street to improving open decision off open transport for ventures that for the most part exists between rural territories. It is viewed as one of the corresponding in contrast with different methods of transportation rather contradicting them Figure 2: Proposed light rail network Source: (created by Author) Hence, the idea related with the implementation of the system is the possibility of implementing a rail system within the main roads in the city. In addition to this it is also to kept in mind that the breadth of the streets in the city are not compromised for the implementation of the project. The proposed venture will be useful in giving legitimate support of the extensive number of travelers in city of Canberra including every one of the regions. The reasonable plan of the light rail framework is for the most part separated in five stages that incorporate, identification of the requirements, development of a primary design, analysis of the developed design and establish of a final design for the system. Route alignment The city of Canberra have a very high level of population who are dependent entirely on the roadways and hence the use of the private cars have been increasing. As a result this is giving rise to the level of congestion on the streets of the city. This project would solve this type of issues for the city (Basu, 2014). The network would cover almost all of the regions of the city and would usually pass through the major locations within the city. This project would also provide various type of social benefit for the city as well. This route for the rail would also pass through the most congested part of the city and would resolve the congestion problems within the city and this would justify the route alignment for the project. Financial as well as economic consideration Estimation is made regarding the total cost of the system and total cost for the implementation of the system sum up to 794 million dollars. Area of cost $m nominal Precincts and Stops 11 Cost for alignment 96 Roads and utility infrastructure 128 Power, rail system and signaling 127 Depot and Stabling 58 Contractor profit and overhead 60 Total Construction Cost 479 Rolling stock 66 Total cost of the alignment 545 Escalation 65 Sub Total 610 Contingency 184 Total project cost of outturn 794 The estimated cost generally, depends on the concept of design that would be provided by the technical and the financial experts appointed for the implementation of the system (Love et al., 2017). Among the major findings for the project the contingency was found with the estimation of the value form the analysis of the essential risk mitigation procedures. The estimated cost is the mere estimation of the whole project assumed from the approximated values and the only having the constant up for consideration. The capital for the project is the mere project cost and not the actual capital paid by the government for the completion of the project. Benefit Cost ratio The feasibility for the project can be judged by a number of milestones that are to be achieved by the project for considering it feasible. The project is already feasible socially but for the economic feasibility of the project the cost benefit analysis is to be performed (Yorriti Ikpe, 2014). The cost benefit analysis would provide the information about the benefits gained from the project economically. The main costs for the project are the cost of land and the transportation values. It is identified for the analysis that the BRC value for the project is greater than one and hence, this results in the project to be economically feasible. The delivery for the project can also be anticipated very easily. Although the economic benefit for the project does not guarantee any kind of social benefit from the project. Cost related scenario Value $m PV Project Benefits Transportation Benefits 406 Benefits from land utilization 381 Wider economic impacts 198 Total benefits achieved from project Capex 619 Opex 204 Total project related cost 823 Economic related indicators BCR 1.0 NPV 161 BCR 1.2 Element of cost capital Cost Entire project Outturn cost ($nominal) 794 Less: Difference that exists between contingency (24) Total project Outturn Cost ($nominal) 759 Less: Alignment of escalation (65) Less: Escalation related with Contingency (9) Project Outturn Cost ($real) 685 Plus agency Costs ($real) 45 Costs for economic Analysis purposes ($real) 730 Conclusion It can be conclusively said that, the project is very beneficial for the people of the Canberra and local authority. In addition to this, this project is very important in context of the development of the transport system in the country. This would be improving the traffic system of the country to a great extent and also help minimizing the pressure in the rush hours. The light rail is a transport system that would be offering number of options for the improvement of the structure of the city of Canberra. The city is one of the busiest cities of the country and has the most complex traffic. Hence, in order to simplify the traffic of the city this kind of project is being taken into consideration. The report has been used for providing the information about the light rail network implementation within the city of Canberra to the readers. The definition of the light rail network project, the conceptual design and the cost for the implementation of the system have been provided in the report efficiently. The network of these electric borne rails is known as the light rail network. This system makes use of the low floored articulated trams that usually obtain the electricity from the electric wires. This provides the designer with the opportunity to implement the rails in the streets. The network can use a number of vehicles so that, there can be a two way services provided to the travelers within the city. The feasibility analyses have also been provided in the report. It is identified for the analysis that the BRC value for the project is greater than one and hence, this results in the project to be economically feasible. The delivery for the project can also be anticipated very easily. In addition to this, it is also mentioned in the report that the project is socially feasible. In addition to the financial benefits, the project also provides various type of other benefits and hence, this justifies the need to implement the project efficiently. References Basu, S. (2014).Optimal alignment of a canal route(Doctoral dissertation). Brown, B. B., Werner, C. M., Tribby, C. P., Miller, H. J., Smith, K. R. (2015). Transit use, physical activity, and body mass index changes: objective measures associated with complete street light-rail construction.American journal of public health,105(7), 1468-1474. Capital Metro Agency. (2014). 1st ed. [pdf] Canberra: Capital Metro Full Business Case, pp.12-35. Available at: https://www.tccs.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/887680/Light-rail-Capital-Metro-Business-Case-In-Full.pdf [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. Flannery, D., Duarte, R., Norman, B., O'Donnell, T., Sinclair, H., Steffen, W. L. (2015).Light rail transit and residential density in mid-size cities(No. 5). Canberra Urban and Regional Futures. MacKenzie, A., Muminovic, M., Williamson, G., Davey, R., Lernihan, V. (2015, December). Passing the Community Test-A co-benefits approach to evaluating the case for light rail in Canberra, Australia. InState of Australian Cities National Conference, 2015, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Miller, N. (2014). The impact of a new light rail network upon walkability in a central business district. Mulley, C., Ma, L., Clifton, G., Yen, B., Burke, M. (2016). Residential property value impacts of proximity to transport infrastructure: An investigation of bus rapid transit and heavy rail networks in Brisbane, Australia.Journal of Transport Geography,54, 41-52. Naznin, F., Currie, G., Logan, D. (2016, November). Exploring the key challenges in tram driving and crash risk factors on the Melbourne tram network: tram driver focus groups. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 38th, 2016, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Torriti, J., Ikpe, E. (2014). CostBenefit Analysis. InEncyclopedia of Law and Economics(pp. 1-8). Springer New York.